Retina Diseases

The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that is responsible for converting light into electrical signals that are then sent to the brain to enable vision. There are various diseases and conditions that can affect the retina. Here are some common retinal diseases:
Macular degeneration (AMD): AMD is a progressive disease that affects the macula, the central area of ​​the retina. There are two main forms: dry AMD, in which deposits form in the retina, and wet AMD, in which uncontrolled growth of blood vessels occurs.
Diabetic retinopathy: This disease occurs in people with diabetes and is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina. It can lead to vision loss.
Retinal detachment: This occurs when the retina detaches from its normal position. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
Retinitis pigmentosa: This genetic disease causes gradual loss of vision. It initially affects the rod cells in the retina, causing night blindness, and can later affect the cone cells, causing gradual loss of central vision.
Vitreous opacity and detachment: The vitreous humor is the gel-like substance that fills the interior of the eye. With age, it can thicken or detach from the retina, causing flashes or dots in the field of vision.
Retinal vascular occlusions: These are conditions in which the blood supply to the retina is compromised, which can lead to vision loss.
Choroideremia: This rare genetic disorder affects the choroid, a layer that supplies the retina. It leads to a gradual loss of vision.
Uveitis: This is an inflammation of the middle lining of the eye that can affect the retina.
Hereditary retinal dystrophies: These include a variety of genetic diseases that affect the retinal cells and can lead to progressive vision loss.
It is important to note that this list is not exhaustive and there are many other rare retinal diseases. If someone has signs of vision problems or suspects a diagnosis, it is advisable to see an ophthalmologist or retina specialist who can carry out an accurate examination and diagnosis.